CPAN Practice Exam – Comprehensive Guide for Exam Prep

The correct answer is nausea and vomiting, which are common side effects associated with opioid use for pain relief in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). Opioids can activate various receptors in the central nervous system, which may trigger the vomiting center in the medulla oblongata. This effect can lead to significant discomfort and may prolong recovery time for patients.

Additionally, opioids can alter gastrointestinal motility, which contributes to the risk of nausea and vomiting following surgery. Recognizing this potential side effect is crucial for nurses in managing patient care effectively, including the administration of antiemetics when necessary to mitigate these effects.

While changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and fluid retention can occur in some patients receiving opioids, these are less common side effects compared to the incidence of gastrointestinal disturbances like nausea and vomiting. Effective monitoring and proactive patient management strategies are essential in the PACU to address and alleviate these common issues.